面试题库

Claude 高效使用：从对话到 Claude Code

D3 Claude Code 入门与上下文管理：安装、CLAUDE.md 写法与「删到不能再删」、权限模式、Plan Mode「先探索再计划再写」、/clear /compact /rewind、给 Claude 一个可验证的检查

• CLAUDE.md 和 skill 的分工是什么？什么内容该放哪边？一份 CLAUDE.md 写到 500 行会出什么问题？How do CLAUDE.md and skills divide responsibilities, what goes where, and what goes wrong when CLAUDE.md grows to 500 lines?

  国内高频海外高频基础#claude-md#skills#context

  分析过程 · 先想清楚再作答

  1. 这题考的是「上下文成本意识」。答成「CLAUDE.md 放规则、skill 放流程」只是结论，面试官想听你从加载方式推出这个结论。
  2. 拆法从加载时机入手：CLAUDE.md 每次会话整份进入上下文，是固定成本；skill 只有描述那一行常驻，正文在被触发（模型判断相关或用户输入 /name）时才加载，是按需成本。所以「每次都成立的短事实」放 CLAUDE.md，「偶尔才用、一用就是多步」的流程放 skill。
  3. 给判据表：命令、风格差异、仓库礼仪、环境怪癖、完成的判据进 CLAUDE.md；部署流程、修 issue 的固定步骤、某类文档的生成方法进 skill。反过来，CLAUDE.md 里出现了多步流程，或 skill 里放了「每次都要遵守」的规则，都是放错了。
  4. 500 行的问题不是「太长跑不动」，而是稀释：重要规则被淹没，模型的遵守度反而下降，还白白吃掉每轮的窗口。对策是「删到不能再删」（删掉会不会让它犯错？不会就删）、把偶尔用的挪进 skill、按路径拆进 .claude/rules/ 只在碰到匹配文件时加载。
  5. 可预期的追问：「规则它老是不听怎么办」——先删再改再强调；「必须每次执行」的动作根本不该靠 CLAUDE.md，要改成 hook。

  How to reason about it · think before answering

  1. This tests context-cost awareness. 'CLAUDE.md holds rules, skills hold procedures' is the conclusion; derive it from how each is loaded.
  2. Start from load timing: CLAUDE.md enters context in full every session — a fixed cost; a skill keeps only its one-line description resident and loads its body on invocation — a variable cost. Hence short facts that always apply go in CLAUDE.md, occasional multi-step procedures go in skills.
  3. Give the table: commands, non-default style, repo etiquette, environment quirks, and the definition of done belong in CLAUDE.md; deployment runbooks, issue-fixing steps, document generators belong in skills. Multi-step procedures in CLAUDE.md or always-on rules inside a skill are both misplacements.
  4. At 500 lines the failure is dilution, not capacity: important rules drown, adherence drops, and every turn pays for the bloat. Fixes: prune ruthlessly (would removing this cause a mistake?), move occasional content to skills, split path-scoped rules into .claude/rules/ so they load only when matching files are touched.
  5. Follow-ups: a rule that keeps being ignored — prune, then disambiguate, then emphasize; anything that must run every time should be a hook, not a sentence.

  答题要点

  • CLAUDE.md 每次会话整份加载，是固定成本；skill 只常驻一行描述，正文按需加载
  • CLAUDE.md 放每次都成立的短事实：命令、风格差异、规矩、完成判据；skill 放偶尔用的多步流程
  • 写长的后果是稀释：重要规则被淹没、遵守度下降、每轮白付窗口
  • 对策：删到不能再删、偶尔用的进 skill、按路径拆进 rules；必须每次做的改成 hook

  Key points

  • CLAUDE.md loads in full every session — fixed cost; a skill keeps one line resident and loads on demand
  • CLAUDE.md: short always-true facts — commands, style deltas, etiquette, definition of done; skills: occasional multi-step procedures
  • Bloat dilutes: key rules drown, adherence drops, every turn pays
  • Fixes: prune, move occasional content to skills, split path-scoped rules; must-run actions become hooks